Compare Macau (2006) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2004)

Compare Macau (2006) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2004)

	Macau (2006)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2004)

Administrative divisions	none (special administrative region of China)	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.2% (male 37,934/female 35,412) 15-64 years: 75.9% (male 163,975/female 179,830) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 15,099/female 20,875) (2006 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong	-
Airports	1 (2006)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2006)	-
Area	total: 28.2 sq km land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate	8.48 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $3.16 billion expenditures: $3.16 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (FY05/06)	-
Climate	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers	tropical
Coastline	41 km	74.1 km
Constitution	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"	-
Country name	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Death rate	4.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)	-
Debt - external	$3.1 billion (2004)	-
Dependency status	special administrative region of China	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (special administrative region of China)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and has created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	-
Economy - overview	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 10.1% in 2002, 14.2% in 2003, and 28.6% in 2004. During the first three quarters of 2005, Macau registered year-on-year GDP increases of 6.2%. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of travel restrictions, increased public works expenditures, and significant investment inflows associated with the liberalization of Macau's gaming industry drove the four-year recovery. The budget also returned to surplus since 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory, which will boost GDP growth. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Two new casinos were opened by new foreign gambling licensees in 2004; development of new infrastructure and facilities in preparation for Macau's hosting of the 2005 East Asian Games led the construction sector. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland, and the range of products covered by CEPA was expanded on 1 January 2005.	no economic activity
Electricity - consumption	1.899 billion kWh (2004)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2004)	-
Electricity - imports	153.3 million kWh (2004)	-
Electricity - production	1.893 billion kWh (2004)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)	-
Exchange rates	patacas per US dollar - 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002), 8.034 (2001)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent	-
Exports	NA bbl/day	-
Exports - commodities	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts	-
Exports - partners	US 48.7%, China 14.9%, Hong Kong 9.8%, Germany 5.9% (2005)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller	the flag of Australia is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	2.8% (3rd Quarter 2005)	-
Geographic coordinates	22 10 N, 113 33 E	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	NA bbl/day	-
Imports - commodities	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils	-
Imports - partners	China 43.1%, Japan 10.9%, Hong Kong 10%, Singapore 5.2%, US 4.1%, Taiwan 4% (2005)	-
Independence	none (special administrative region of China)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.8% (2nd quarter, 2005)	-
International organization participation	IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO	-
Irrigated land	NA	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region	-
Labor force	251,200 (3rd Quarter, 2005)	-
Labor force - by occupation	manufacturing 13.7%, construction 10.5%, transport and communications 5.9%, wholesale and retail trade 14.6%, restaurants and hotels 10.3%, gambling 17.9%, public sector 7.8%, other services and agriculture 19.3% (2005 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)
Languages	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)	-
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - Development Union 12.8%, Macau Development Alliance 9%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16%, New Democratic Macau Association 18.2%, others NA; seats by political group - Development Union 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, New Democratic Macau Association 2, New Hope 1, United Forces 2, others 2; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 82.19 years male: 79.36 years female: 85.17 years (2006 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between north-western Australia and Timor island
Map references	Southeast Asia	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	not specified	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	defense is the responsiblity of China	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Military branches	no regular military forces	-
National holiday	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day	-
Nationality	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese	-
Natural hazards	typhoons	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	NEGL	fish
Net migration rate	4.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)	-
People - note	-	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Political parties and leaders	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	453,125 (July 2006 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	0.86% (2006 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	-	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Religions	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)	-
Suffrage	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies	-
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	174,400 (2005)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	532,800 (2005)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (2006)	-
Terrain	generally flat	low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate	1.02 children born/woman (2006 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	4.1% (3rd Quarter 2005)	-

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